{"reviewed_at":"2026-09-09","publisher":"Opening Research","scope":"Selected studies, not a systematic review or meta-analysis","evidence":[{"source":{"id":"stanford","title":"Canaries in the Coal Mine? Six Facts about the Recent Employment Effects of Artificial Intelligence","publisher":"Erik Brynjolfsson, Bharat Chandar and Ruyu Chen, Stanford Digital Economy Lab","date":"Revised August 12, 2026; data through June 2026","url":"https://digitaleconomy.stanford.edu/publication/canaries-in-the-coal-mine-six-facts-about-the-recent-employment-effects-of-artificial-intelligence/"},"type":"Employment association","population":"Young workers in U.S. ADP payroll data; observed through June 2026","finding":"Employment diverges by AI exposure for younger workers; hiring is the main channel.","limit":"A relative gap is not a national count of jobs destroyed or a causal estimate of AI displacement."},{"source":{"id":"denmark","title":"Large Language Models, Small Labor Market Effects","publisher":"Anders Humlum and Emilie Vestergaard, Becker Friedman Institute working paper","date":"2025 working paper; linked Danish survey and administrative data","url":"https://bfi.uchicago.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/BFI_WP_2025-56.pdf"},"type":"Linked survey and administrative study","population":"Danish workers in selected exposed occupations","finding":"Task change and adoption coexist with small early effects on recorded earnings and hours.","limit":"Different institutions and outcomes from the U.S.; average effects can mask subgroup changes."},{"source":{"id":"nyfed","title":"Do Job Postings Show Early Labor-Market Effects of AI?","publisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Liberty Street Economics","date":"May 14, 2026","url":"https://libertystreeteconomics.newyorkfed.org/2026/05/do-job-postings-show-early-labor-market-effects-of-ai/"},"type":"Vacancy analysis","population":"U.S. online job postings, classified by occupational AI exposure","finding":"The posting evidence does not identify a distinct new national decline attributable to AI.","limit":"Pre-existing trends and other demand shocks complicate attribution; ads are not hires."},{"source":{"id":"dallas","title":"Job postings show early signs of AI automation impact","publisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas","date":"September 1, 2026","url":"https://www.dallasfed.org/research/economics/2026/0901"},"type":"Vacancy analysis","population":"U.S. postings; automation-focused task exposure, with a Texas application","finding":"More exposed positions show weaker posting demand in the model.","limit":"Exposure definition differs from broader AI indices. Posting estimates do not measure actual separations."},{"source":{"id":"ilo","title":"Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure","publisher":"Paweł Gmyrek and colleagues, International Labour Organization","date":"May 20, 2025","url":"https://www.ilo.org/publications/generative-ai-and-jobs-refined-global-index-occupational-exposure"},"type":"Task exposure index","population":"Occupations across the global workforce","finding":"Task overlap suggests substantial potential for job transformation.","limit":"Capability overlap is not measured adoption, employment loss or a forecast of individual risk."},{"source":{"id":"productivity","title":"Generative AI at Work","publisher":"Erik Brynjolfsson, Danielle Li and Lindsey R. Raymond, Quarterly Journal of Economics 140(2), 889–942","date":"2025 published article","url":"https://academic.oup.com/qje/article/140/2/889/7990658"},"type":"Workplace rollout study · peer reviewed","population":"Customer-support agents in one studied workplace","finding":"AI assistance improves measured productivity, especially for less experienced workers.","limit":"Does not establish economy-wide effects on staffing, pay or the distribution of productivity gains."}]}